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Fri. Aug 1st, 2025
Cıvanın Simgesi Nedir? Cıva Elementi Periyodik Tabloda Nerede Yer Alır?

Oldukça toksik bir metal olmasına rağmen tarih boyunca birçok hastalığın tedavisinde de kullanılmış olan cıva elementi periyodik tabloda nerede yer alır? Cıvanın simgesi nedir? Cıva hakkında merak edilen tüm sorulara siz kıymetli okuyucularımız için cevaplar aradık. İşte, tüm detaylar…

Cıvanın Simgesi Nedir?

Oda sıcaklığında sıvı halde bulunan ve elektriği iyi iletme özelliğine sahip bir element olan cıvanın sembolü Hg’dir. İsmini Latincede sıvı gümüş anlamına gelen “hydrargyrum” kelimesinden alan bu elementi sembolü de bu sözcüğün kısaltmasından meydana gelmiştir.

Cıva Elementi Özellikleri

Cıva elementinin kimyasal ve fiziksel özelliklerine geçmeden önce bu elementin tarihçesinden bahsetmek yerinde olacaktır. Cıva elementinin; eski Mısır ve Çin uygarlıklarında kullanıldığı, bu uygarlıklardan bugüne kadar gelmiş olan birtakım belgelerde kendine yer bulmuştur. Adını Merkür gezegeninden aldığı için İngilizce ismi mercury olan bu elementin, Türkçede kullanılan ismi olan cıva ise dilimize Farsçadan girmiştir. Cıva ismi; Farsçada ele avuca sığmaz ve hareketli gibi anlamlara gelen “cive” kelimesinden türetilerek Türkçedeki yerini almıştır.

Cıva elementi; zincifre adı verilen ve tortu lavlardan meydana gelmiş olan bir madenden elde edilmektedir. Özellikle tıp alanında sivilcelerin kurutulması için kullanılan zincifre madeninden cıva elde etmek için, bu maden yüksek ısıya sahip olan fırınlarda ısıtılır ve hava akımına maruz bırakılmaktadır.

Oda sıcaklığında sıvı halde bulunan tek metal olan cıva; çok kuvvetli bir çözücüdür. Bu özelliğinden dolayı bakır, altın, kalay ve gümüş gibi metalleri kolaylıkla çözebilir ve bu metallerle amalgam denen katı, yumuşak ya da sıvı alaşımlar oluşturabilir.

Orta derece aktif bir element olarak tarif edilen cıva, oksijen ile hızlı reaksiyona giren bir element değildir. Çoğu asitle de reaksiyona girmeyen bu element; sadece bazı asitler ile yalnızca sıcakken reaksiyona girmektedir.

Doğada mevcut olan elementlerden olan cıva; İspanya, Rusya, İtalya ve Çin’de bulunan zincifre madenlerinde bulunmaktadır ve dünyadaki yıllık cıva üretimi yaklaşık olarak 8 bin ton olarak hesaplanmaktadır.

Cıva elementi sahip olduğu kimyasal ve fiziksel özellikleri sebebiyle birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Diş tedavilerinde kullanılan amalgam diş dolguları; gümüş, kalay ve bakır alaşımları ile cıvanın karıştırılması sonucu elde edilmektedir. Cıvanın kalayla karıştırılması sonucu elde edilen amalgam çeşidi ise ayna imalatında kullanılmaktadır.

Üretiminde cıvanın kullanıldığı ürünler ve sektörler ise şu şekilde sıralanabilir: Termometre ve barometre gibi ölçüm cihazları, elektrik şalterleri, boya imalatı, pil üretimi, kâğıt ve deri işleme, krem ve merhemler, kozmetik ürünler, cıva elementinin kullanıldığı ürün ya da sektörler arasında öne çıkmaktadır.

Cıva elementinin yutulması ya da buharının solunması insan hayatı için oldukça tehlikelidir. Cıva zehirlenmesi olarak bilinen ve genel olarak sinir sistemlerine zarar veren cıva zehirlenmeleri; genel olarak cıva buharının solunmasıyla ortaya çıksa da bünyesinde metil cıva birikmiş deniz canlılarının tüketilmesi de insanlarda cıva zehirlenmelerine yol açabilmektedir.

Cıva Elementi Periyodik Tabloda Nerede Yer Alır?

Atom numarası 80 sembolü ise Hg olan cıva elementi; periyodik tablonun 6. periyodunun 12. grubunda yer almaktadır. -38 derecede donan ve 365 derecede kaynayan bu elementin yoğunluğu ise santimetre küp başına, 13.59 gramdır.

By admin

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